The borrow checker does not run on the HIR. It runs on the MIR, a representation that is small enough, explicit enough, and control-flow-based enough to make the borrow checker’s analysis tractable. The MIR is the compiler’s last representation before code generation, and the borrow checker’s phases—dataflow, region inference, and the final error walk—operate on…
The Rust compiler does not type-check the syntax tree you write. Between the parser and the type checker sits a lowering step that converts the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) into the High-Level Intermediate Representation (HIR). This step is not a refactoring for cleanliness. It is where syntactic sugar is dissolved, where for loops become loop…
Performance work in Rust follows a discipline that is easy to state and hard to practice: measure first, optimize the bottleneck, measure again. The tools that make this possible are the profilers that show where time is actually spent, the benchmarking frameworks that turn a measurement into a repeatable experiment, and the SIMD APIs that…
Building HTML forms by hand is tedious. You forget a name attribute. You miss a for on a label. Accessibility breaks. Validation fails silently. I built a free tool that solves this. What it does: Use cases: Privacy:100% client-side. Nothing uploaded. Try it: tools.kandz.me/html-form-builder
1. Components & JSX JSX is syntax sugar for React.createElement. Components are functions that return JSX. 2. useState Manages state within a functional component. 3. useReducer Manages complex state through a reducer function. 4. useEffect Handles side effects after render. 5. useLayoutEffect Runs synchronously before the browser paints. 6. useRef Holds a mutable value or…
React is not a web framework. It is a reconciler: an algorithm that diffs a component tree and produces a stream of mutations. The react-dom package is one host of that algorithm, rendering to the browser’s DOM. React Native is another, rendering to native mobile views. A custom renderer is a third, and the react-reconciler…
Every React build is a sequence of AST transformations. JSX becomes React.createElement or jsx() calls, TypeScript types are stripped, and the React Compiler inserts memoization. The tools that perform these transformations—Babel and SWC—expose plugin APIs that let developers add their own passes to the pipeline. A custom plugin can inject instrumentation, rewrite imports, enforce architectural…
A micro-frontend is an architectural pattern where a large application is composed from independently developed, independently deployed frontend fragments. Web Components are a browser-native mechanism for encapsulating markup, styles, and behavior into a custom element. The combination is appealing because it promises framework-agnostic composition: a React shell can host a Vue micro-frontend, or a legacy…
The Web Audio API is a graph-based audio processing system built into the browser. It is not a replacement for the <audio> element; it is a complement to it, the way <canvas> complements <img>. When the requirement is playing a track, the media element is simpler. When the requirement is processing, synthesizing, analyzing, or routing…
react-konva is a React renderer for Konva, the 2D canvas scene graph library. The relationship is the same as React DOM and the browser DOM: you write components like <Rect> and <Circle>, the reconciler creates the corresponding Konva nodes, and Konva draws them onto a single <canvas> element . The library’s value is not that…