list of programming languages
A custom lint rule is not a pattern matcher over source text. It is a visitor over a syntax tree. When the Dart analyzer parses a file, it produces an Abstract Syntax Tree—a structured representation where every declaration, expression, and identifier is a node with a type and children. A lint rule walks that tree,…
Some events fire hundreds of times per second. Scroll, resize, mousemove, input — the browser doesn’t wait for the user to pause; it fires a callback on every change. If your handler does real work, that’s hundreds of times more work than necessary. Debounce and throttle are the two patterns that fix this. They both…
Running a Node.js process in production with node app.js is a single point of failure. If the process crashes, it stays down. If it consumes too much memory, it takes the server with it. If you need to deploy a new version, you stop the old process and start the new one—creating a window where…
Trait objects are the mechanism that enables dynamic dispatch in Rust. A Box<dyn Trait> or &dyn Trait points to a concrete value and a vtable of function pointers, allowing method calls to be resolved at runtime without knowing the concrete type at compile time. But not every trait can become a trait object. The compiler…
A view is a named query that behaves like a table. It does not store data — it stores the query — and when it is referenced, the database executes the underlying query and returns the result. The view is the abstraction that hides the complexity of the joins, the aggregations, and the filtering behind…
Node.js is written in JavaScript, and JavaScript does not ship type information. When you write import { readFile } from “fs” in a TypeScript project, the compiler has no idea what readFile accepts, what it returns, or whether the callback’s error parameter is Error or null. The types for Node.js’s built-in modules live in a…
The Dart macros framework was the most anticipated language feature in the Dart and Flutter ecosystem for years, and it was cancelled. In January 2025, the Dart team announced that work on macros had been suspended indefinitely . The feature that was supposed to eliminate build_runner, generate toJson/fromJson automatically, and enable community-authored compile-time metaprogramming is…
Testing is how you prove your code works — and how you keep it working as it changes. Without tests, every edit is a gamble. With tests, you can refactor confidently, catch regressions immediately, and document what the code is supposed to do. JavaScript has a mature testing ecosystem, and the concepts are the same…
Structured logging is the practice of emitting log entries as machine-readable objects—typically JSON—rather than unstructured text. The difference matters at scale. A console.log(“user logged in”) line is readable by a human but nearly useless to a log aggregator that needs to filter by user ID, count errors per endpoint, or correlate entries across services. A…
Pattern matching in Rust is more than a switch statement. Two features elevate it from simple value comparison to a concise expression of complex conditions: match guards and @ bindings. A guard is an if condition attached to a pattern that must also be true for the arm to match . An @ binding lets…