These elements help organize and structure forms, making them more user-friendly and accessible. They allow you to create dropdown lists, group related form controls, and display calculated results. Overview of Form Structure Elements Element Purpose Example <select> Creates a drop-down list <select name=”country”>…</select> <option> Defines an item in a dropdown list <option value=”us”>United States</option> <optgroup>…
Strings in JavaScript are immutable sequences of characters. JavaScript provides a rich set of built-in methods to work with strings — extracting, transforming, searching, and manipulating text. A Quick Look at the Examples a. String Properties — Part 1 Character & Code Methods Method Description Example Result String.fromCharCode(…) Returns string from char codes String.fromCharCode(65, 66,…
These properties control the spacing between grid tracks (rows and columns). They’re essential for creating clean, well-spaced grid layouts without using margins on individual items. Overview of Properties Property Description row-gap Space between rows column-gap Space between columns gap Shorthand for row-gap and column-gap 1. row-gap The row-gap property specifies the space between each row…
The <video>, <audio>, and <source> elements allow you to embed multimedia content directly into your web pages without requiring third-party plugins. They provide native playback controls and support for multiple formats. Overview of Multimedia Elements Element Purpose Example <video> Embeds video content <video src=”video.mp4″ controls></video> <audio> Embeds audio content <audio src=”audio.mp3″ controls></audio> <source> Specifies media…
Rest parameters provide a way to handle an indefinite number of arguments as an array. They were introduced in ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) and offer a more concise syntax for working with functions that accept a variable number of arguments. A Quick Look at the Examples a. Rest Parameters Introduction Rest parameters provide a way to…
Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a one-dimensional layout system that allows you to arrange elements in rows or columns with flexible sizing and alignment. It’s perfect for responsive designs where items need to resize, reorder, or align based on available space. What is Flexbox? Flexbox is a layout model that distributes space among items in…
24. embed and object Elements The <embed> and <object> elements are used to embed external resources like videos, audio files, PDFs, or even entire web pages into an HTML document. While they are older than <video> and <audio>, they still have useful applications. Overview of Embedding Elements Element Purpose Key Features <embed> Embeds external content…
Destructuring assignment is a feature that allows you to extract data from arrays or objects into variables. It uses syntax that looks similar to array or object literal notation, making your code more concise and readable. A Quick Look at the Examples a. Introduction and Array Destructuring Destructuring assignment allows you to extract data from…
These two container properties control the direction of the main axis and how items wrap when they exceed the container’s size. Together, they form the foundation of any Flexbox layout. Overview of Properties Property Description Values flex-direction Sets the direction of the main axis row, row-reverse, column, column-reverse flex-wrap Controls whether items wrap nowrap, wrap,…
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is a powerful way to create resolution-independent graphics directly in HTML. Unlike raster images (JPEG, PNG), SVGs maintain quality at any size and can be styled, animated, and manipulated with CSS and JavaScript. What is SVG? SVG is an XML-based markup language for describing two-dimensional vector graphics. It’s perfect for: Key…
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