list of programming languages
These three functions are the individual axis rotations in CSS 3D transforms. Each one rotates an element around a specific axis: X (horizontal), Y (vertical), or Z (depth). Overview of Functions Function Axis Equivalent Visual Effect rotateX() Horizontal rotate3d(1, 0, 0, angle) Tilts forward/backward rotateY() Vertical rotate3d(0, 1, 0, angle) Turns left/right rotateZ() Depth rotate3d(0,…
Manual JSON serialization is verbose. For every model class, the developer writes the fromJson factory, the toJson method, and the mapping between the JSON fields and the Dart fields. The mapping is repetitive, and it is easy to get wrong when a field is added or renamed. The json_serializable package generates the mapping from the…
The Date object represents a single moment in time. It’s been in JavaScript since the beginning, and it carries some quirks — zero-indexed months, mutable objects, inconsistent parsing. But it’s also unavoidable, because every application eventually needs to show, compare, or manipulate dates. Key point: A Date is stored as milliseconds since the Unix epoch…
A transaction is a group of SQL statements that execute as the single unit. The bank transfer debits the one account and credits the other, and the two statements must succeed or fail together. The Node.js application that manages the money must use the transactions, or the partial failure leaves the money in the wrong…
Every command-line tool has an interface. The user types the program name, the options, the positional arguments, and the subcommands, and the program must parse the input, validate it, and produce a helpful error message when something is wrong. Hand-writing this parsing is tedious and error-prone. The argument order, the short and long forms, the…
SQL does not have if statements inside a query. It has CASE. The CASE expression is the closest thing SQL has to conditional logic, and it is remarkably flexible. It can appear in the SELECT list to produce computed columns, in the WHERE clause to filter conditionally, in the ORDER BY clause to sort by…
A fluent interface is an API design where method calls chain together in a single expression, each call returning an object that exposes the next set of operations. The style reads like a sentence — query.select(“name”).from(“users”).where(“active = true”).orderBy(“name”).limit(10).execute() — and it is one of the most recognizable patterns in modern libraries. jQuery popularized it. Lodash,…
The scale() and scale3d() functions let you resize elements — making them larger or smaller — without affecting the layout of surrounding elements. Overview of Functions Function Dimensions Values Description scale() 2D s or s1, s2 Uniform or separate X/Y scaling scale3d() 3D s1, s2, s3 X, Y, and Z scaling 1. scale() — 2D…
A unit test is a small program that exercises one piece of the code and asserts the expected result. The package:test is the standard testing framework for the Dart, and it provides the test function, the group function, the expect function, and the matchers. The framework runs the tests, collects the results, and reports the…
Regular expressions (regex) are patterns for matching text. They look cryptic at first — /^\d{3}-\d{4}$/ — but they’re the most powerful way to search, validate, and transform strings. Every language has them, and JavaScript’s are among the most capable. Key point: A regular expression is an object that describes a pattern. You can create one…