Tutorials covering programming languages, type systems, architecture, tooling, and the patterns used to build software that lasts. Each chapter is standalone, built around real examples and verified facts.
The OCI specification defines two independent standards that are often confused: the Runtime Specification describes how to configure and execute a container (the config.json and the lifecycle), and the Image Specification describes how to package a filesystem and its metadata. Building a custom runtime means implementing the former; building a custom image means producing the…
React’s JSX escaping is a powerful default, but it is a narrow one. Every value interpolated inside curly braces—{userInput}—is converted to a text node, so a string like <script>alert(1)</script> renders as literal characters rather than executing . This single default has prevented more reflected and stored XSS than almost any other framework decision. The problem…
![Rust 98 🦀 Memory Layouts: #[repr(C)], Alignment, and Structure Packing](https://tuts.kandz.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Screenshot_20261023_175016-767x651.jpeg)
Rust’s default memory layout is deliberately unspecified. The compiler is free to reorder fields, insert padding, and choose representations that minimize size or maximize access speed, and it may change those decisions between compilation sessions or target platforms. For most code this is invisible and beneficial. But when a type crosses an FFI boundary, when…
An upsert is a single operation that inserts a row if it does not exist, or updates it if it does. The name is a contraction of “update” and “insert,” and the pattern exists because the alternative—a SELECT followed by an INSERT or UPDATE—has a race condition. Two concurrent transactions can both SELECT, both see…
Every time you run tsc, your TypeScript code passes through a pipeline of transformations. The scanner breaks the source text into tokens. The parser assembles the tokens into an Abstract Syntax Tree. The binder connects declarations that refer to the same entity. The checker resolves types and reports semantic errors. The emitter produces JavaScript output….
TypeScript declarations for a Vue component library are not optional. A consumer that imports MyButton from the library needs to know the shape of its props, the events it emits, and the slots it exposes. Without .d.ts files, the consumer gets any, and the editor’s autocomplete and type checking stop at the import boundary. vue-tsc…
Images and fonts are the two heaviest static resources in most Angular applications. A single unoptimized hero image can weigh more than the entire JavaScript bundle. A web font that arrives late causes text to flicker and shift. The NgOptimizedImage directive was introduced in Angular 16 to automate image loading best practices, and font optimization…
Dart’s AOT compilation makes it unusually well-suited to containerization. dart compile exe produces a native binary that starts in milliseconds, and the official dart:stable image provides a /runtime/ directory containing only the minimal system libraries that binary needs. The standard pattern is a multi-stage build: compile in the SDK image, copy the binary and the…
Zero-downtime deployment is not a single technique but a family of patterns that share one requirement: the old version must keep serving traffic until the new version is proven ready. The two patterns that matter most in Docker environments are rolling updates, which replace replicas incrementally, and blue-green, which runs two complete environments and switches…
React DevTools Profiler is a measurement instrument, not a debugging console. It records what actually happened during a render cycle—which components rendered, how long each took, and why they rendered—and presents that data as a flamegraph or a ranked list. The value of the tool is that it replaces guesswork with evidence. A developer who…