Form validation in Vue 3 is not a built-in feature. The framework gives you reactivity and v-model, but the rules, the error state, the submission gating, and the async validation are left to the application. VeeValidate is the library that fills this gap. It is not a schema validator itself—it is the form state manager…
Custom directives are Vue’s escape hatch for low-level DOM manipulation. They exist for the cases that components and composables cannot cover: focusing an input when it appears, integrating a third-party DOM library that expects a raw element, or attaching an event listener that must be cleaned up on unmount. The directive is defined as an…
v-model is Vue’s two-way binding directive, and on the surface it looks like magic: a single attribute synchronizes a form input with a reactive variable. Under the hood, it is a compile-time transformation that expands into a prop binding and an event listener. On a native <input>, v-model=”text” becomes :value=”text” plus @input=”text = $event.target.value”. On…
The Docker CLI is a client. When you run docker ps or docker run, the CLI does not execute the operation itself. It sends an HTTP request to the Docker daemon (dockerd) over a socket, receives the response, and formats it for the terminal. The API that the CLI uses is the Docker Engine API,…
Standard containers share the host kernel. A kernel vulnerability, a misconfigured capability, or an escape exploit in one container can compromise the entire host. Seccomp, AppArmor, and SELinux reduce the attack surface, but they are policies layered on top of the same kernel—they do not change the fundamental architecture. gVisor and Kata Containers take two…
Podman Desktop is the graphical interface that turns Podman from a command-line tool into a complete development environment. It installs and configures Podman, provides a dashboard for containers, images, pods, and volumes, and integrates with Kubernetes through Kind, Minikube, and OpenShift . The tool is available on Linux, macOS, and Windows, and it joined the…
The container runtime landscape is not a single tool but a layered ecosystem, and understanding the alternatives requires understanding what problem each one solves. CRI-O and Podman are both Red Hat-originated projects that emerged from the same architectural insight: Docker’s monolithic daemon was too much for most use cases, and the OCI specifications made it…
The Open Container Initiative (OCI) is the governance body that turned containers from a Docker-specific technology into an open industry standard. Before OCI, the container ecosystem was locked into Docker’s proprietary formats: an image built by Docker ran on Docker, a registry built by Docker served Docker, and an alternative runtime had to reverse-engineer the…
Declarative macros are Rust’s pattern-matching system for generating code at compile time. A macro_rules! definition is a named list of rules, each with a matcher on the left and a transcriber on the right. At the invocation site, the macro expander tries each rule in order, and the first matcher that succeeds produces the output…
Rust has two distinct mechanisms for representing callable code: function pointers (fn) and closures. They look similar at the call site—both can be invoked with parentheses—but they are fundamentally different types with different capabilities, memory representations, and trait implementations. A function pointer is a pointer to a function’s machine code. It is Copy, has a…